Comparatif commandes

Ce tableau de référence recense des commandes équivalentes entre plusieurs Unix historiques : Solaris, Red Hat, Ubuntu/Debian, HP-UX et AIX. Il est repris de datadisk.co.uk et n'a pas vocation à être vérifié ou mis à jour techniquement : c'est un aide-mémoire historique multi-Unix, conservé tel quel.

Informations système

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
Server Release info	cat /etc/release	cat /etc/enterprise-release cat /etc/redhat-release lsb_release -a cat /proc/version	cat /etc/lsb-release lsb_release -a	/stand/kernrel	oslevel -r
Server type	/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v	dmidecode	dmidecode	model uname -a	prtconf | grep -i 'System Model'
Hardware Info	prtdiag -v prtpicl -v [-c <class>] prtconf -D	lspci lsusb lshal Note: hal = hardware abstraction layer	lspci lsusb lshal	tape|lan] /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info	lscfg -v lscfg -l ent0 lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter) lsdev lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 lsslot -c [pci|phb|port] lsslot -c pci -l ent0 lspath -l hdisk0 diag
Operating System	uname -a	uname -a	uname -a	uname -a	-s]
Memory	/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v prtconf | grep -i mem	cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om cat /proc/slabinfo	cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om cat /proc/slabinfo	grep -i physical /usr/sam/lbin/getmem /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info	prtconf -m prtconf | grep -i memory lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem bootinfo -r
CPU (type, number, etc)	/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v ## display,offline,online psrinfo psradm -f 0 (offline) psradm -n 0 (online)	cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed)	cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed)	/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest sam -> performance monitors -> system properties cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info	prtconf | grep -i processor
Disk Drives	format prtvtoc <device> format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI) Note: EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface, SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe -s <device>	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device>	ioscan -funC disk	lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller) lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined, stopped) lscfg -v -l hdisk0
Kernel File and associated directories	/kernel/genunix /platform/sparc/kernel /platform/i86pc/kernel /kernel /usr/kernel	/boot/initrd.?????.img /boot/vmlinuz	/boot/initrd.img-?????-server /boot/vmlinuz-????-server	/stand/vmunix	/unix /usr/lib/boot /usr/lib/drivers Note: /unix - symbolic link to kernel file i.e /usr/lib/boot/unix_64
Kernel 32 or 64	isainfo -kv (solaris 9+) isalist (sparc v9 will be listed first) isainfo -b	grep -i 'long_bit'	grep -i 'long_bit'	grep -i 'os mode' HPUX < version 11 all 32 bit Note: determine if system supports 64 bit getconf HW_CPU_SUPP_BITS /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest | grep -i 'hw capability'	prtconf -k bootinfo -K
Display Firmware	At the OK prompt type banner	boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12)	boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12)	workstations: reboot enter PDC type: IN (information menu) type: FV (Firmware Version)	prtconf | grep -i firmware lscfg -pv invscout
Display IRQ, IO ports and DMA	n/a	/proc/interrupts /proc/ioports /proc/dma	/proc/interrupts /proc/ioports /proc/dma	n/a	prtconf
GUI admin tool	admintool	linuxconf	linuxconf	sam	smit smitty

Mémoire et swap

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
Memory	/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v prtconf | grep -i mem	cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om	cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om	grep -i physical /usr/sam/lbin/getmem /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info	prtconf -m prtconf | grep -i memory lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem bootinfo -r
page size (memory)	/usr/bin/pagesize	egrep -i 'pagesize|page_size'	egrep -i 'pagesize|page_size'	grep -i physical	pagesize pagesize -a (display all supported pagesizes)
display swap	swap -l swap -s	cat /proc/swaps (detailed) swapon -s	cat /proc/swaps (detailed) swapon -s	swapinfo (displayed in KB) swapinfo -m (display in Mb) swapinfo -tm (total / Mb)	lsps -a (detailed) lsps -s
adding swap	mkfile 5m /var/swapfile swap -a /var/swapfile update /etc/vfstab	device: create partition with fdisk (type 82) file (create 50MB swap file): dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000 mkswap <device>|<file> swapon <device>|<file> update /etc/fstab	device: create partition with fdisk (type 82) file (create 50MB swap file): dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000 mkswap <device>|<file> swapon <device>|<file> update /etc/fstab	-f <logical device> swapon -p 3 <device> | -f <logical device> update /etc/fstab Note: -p = priority swap number. Le paramètre système nswapdevtunable contrôle le nombre maximum de swap devices.	mkps -a -s 4 -n <volume group> # change the attributes chps -a n paging00 (don't use after restart) # change the logical volume attributes (name in this case) chlv -n <new name> <old old> (change page space name) Note: -a reconfigure paging space after restart, -s size of the page space (logical partitions), -n activiates the paging space (use swapoff to deactivate) also see /etc/swapspaces file
removing swap	update /etc/vfstab swap -d	<file> Remove device or file as normal	<file> Remove device or file as normal	remove entry from /etc/fstab reboot	swapoff /dev/paging00 rmps paging00 Note: paging space must be deactiviated before removing

Disques, systèmes de fichiers et périphériques

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
Disk Drives	format prtvtoc <device> format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI) Note: EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface, SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device>	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device>	ioscan -funC disk	lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller) lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined, stopped) lscfg -v -l hdisk0
Disk serial Number, type, etc	format iostat -En luxadm inq <disk> (A5x00 disk arrays)	hdparm -i /dev/hda hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed) hdparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test) sdparm -i /dev/sdb cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model cat /proc/scsi/scsi	hdparm -i /dev/hda hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed) haparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test) sdparm -i /dev/sdb cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model cat /proc/scsi/scsi	grep 'Support Tools' ## Command-Line Support Tools Manager (cstm) ## The run cstm cstm cstm> map cstm> sel dev 4 (select the disk of you choice) cstm> info cstm> il (obtain the serial number) cstm> quit	lscfg -vl hdisk0 lscfg -vl hdisk*
Disk disk partitions	prtvtoc <device> cat /etc/vfstab	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) cat /proc/partitions (very high level) cat /etc/fstab	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) cat /proc/partitions (very high level) cat /etc/fstab	lvlnboot -v /dev/vg00 lifls -Clv <device> # Display the LIF contents lifcp /dev/dsk/c0t6d0:AUTO - cat /etc/fstab Note: Boot programs are stored in the boot area in Logical Interchange Format (LIF), which is similar to a file system. For a device to be bootable, the LIF volume on that device must contain at least the ISL (the initial system loader) and HPUX (the HP-UX bootstrap utility) LIF files. ISL is like GRUB.	lsvg -l rootvg lchangelv cat /etc/filesystems
List Raw Partitions	use format to partition the disk then just use the slice as a raw partition, remember to use the character device	## Old way /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices service rawdevices start chkconfig rawdevices on ## New way, Edit below file /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules udevinfo -d or udevadm ## Display raw partitions raw -qa	mknod /dev/rawctl c 162 0 mknod /dev/raw/raw0 c 162 1 mknod /dev/raw/raw1 c 162 2 ln -s /dev/rawctl /dev/raw/rawctl ## map raw devices to the disk raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1 ## display raw devices raw -qa	Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem - that's it.	Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem # create a raw volume mklv -y rawVolume vg01 10
Filesystem commands	df -k df -h	df -k df -h	df -k df -h	bdf df [-egiklnvfb]	df -k lsfs [<filesystem>] lsfs -q <filesystem> (detailed)
remove|resize)	newfs -v <raw device> # Display how the filesystem was created newfs -Nv <filesystem>	mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1	mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1	newfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1 mkfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1 Note: mkfs and newfs are a pointer to /sbin/fs_wrapper	no]) rmfs -ri /data02 (-r remove the mountpoint, -i display warning before removing) chfs -a size=+1G /var (grow by additional 1GB) chfs -a size=1G /var (grow to 1GB in size)
Tune Filesystems	grep -i minfree	tune2fs tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 # change reserved blocks percentage to 1% tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1	tune2fs tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 # change reserved blocks percentage to 1% tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1	tunefs -v <filesystem> vxtunefs -v <filesystem> fstyp -v <filesystem> # Disk fragmentation fsadm -F vxfs -E / (report) fsadm -F vxfs -e / (defrag)	chfs Note: you can perform the following: resize, freeze, change mountpoint, permissions, lots more..............................
Force fsck	grep fsclean	touch /forcefsck shutdown -Fr now tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> | grep -i 'filesystem state'	touch /forcefsck shutdown -r now tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> | grep -i 'filesystem state' # edit /etc/default/rcS change below so you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes	# Look at the second line to see if a filesystem needs checking tunefs -v <filesystem>	n/a
backup filesystem	ufsrestore tar dd cpio	dump/restore tar dd cpio	dump/restore tar dd cpio	fbackup/frecover dump/restore ftio tar dd cpio	restore tar dd cpio
Display the boot device	grep boot-device prtconf -pv | grep bootpath prtpicl -v | grep ':bootpath'	cat /boot/grub/grub.conf cat /etc/lilo.conf grub = grand unified boot loader lilo = linux loader	cat /boot/grub/menu.lst	setboot	bootinfo -b (display last boot device) bootlist -m [normal|service] -o (display bootable devices)
Setting the boot device	<alias>] eeprom boot-device [<device>|<alias>]	/boot/grub/grub.conf /etc/lilo.conf	/boot/grub/menu.lst	off]	bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1
Creating boot device (MBR)	installboot /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk <raw-device>	grub-install <raw-device> lilo -v	grub-install <raw-device>	mkboot -l <device> Note: we are treating the disk as a LVM device	bosboot -a (uses default device) bosboot -ad hdisk1
Format floppy drive	fdformat -v -U volcheck -v newfs -v /vol/disk/aliases/floppy0	floppy --probe (use device obtained below) floppy --createrc > /etc/fd0 floppy --format /dev/fd0 mkfs /dev/fd0	n/a	n/a	format -d /dev/rfd0 format -d /dev/fd0.18 (high format)
mount/unmount floppy	volrmmount -l floppy0 eject floppy	mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy umount /mnt/floppy	n/a	n/a	mount /dev/rfd0 /floppy
mount/unmount CDROM	mount -F hsfs -o ro <device path> /cdrom/cdrom0 umount /cdrom/cdrom0 /etc/init.d/volmgr start eject cdrom	mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom umount /mnt/cdrom eject cdrom	mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom umount /mnt/cdrom eject cdrom	mount -rF cdfs /dev/dsk/c1t6d0 /cdrom start: /usr/sbin/pps_mountd pps_mount	mount -v cdrfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdrom umount /cdrom
remount a filesystem	n/a	mount -o remount,rw /	mount -o remount,rw /	mount_vxfs -o remount,ro <filesystem>	mount -o remount,rw <filesystem> Note: I did find a note that it should be possible to remount a jfs2 filesystem, but it did not work on my system
create boot disk or recovery tape	n/a	mkbootdisk `uname -r` (boot diskette)	n/a	recovery tape (preview) make_tape_recovery -v -l -x inc_entire=vg00 /opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery -ACv	mksysb
boot cdrom/diskette (single user)	ok> boot cdrom -s	using the grub window append the word single to the kernel line	using the grub window append the word single to the kernel line	enter PDC > search >boot p1 (cdrom) interact with IPL? Y ISL> hpux -is	based on a 9114-275 workstation 1. Restart the machine. 2. Wait the the AIX splash screen to come up. Devices begin to initialize here. 3. When you see the [keyboard] word on screen hit the F5 button or the 5 key depending on your console. 4. Choose "default boot list" when the maintenance screen comes up.
boot into maintenace mode	ok> boot -as	f10 or f12	f10 or f12	>boot pri interact with IPL? Y ISL> hpux -lm	based on a 9114-275 workstation 1. Restart the machine. 2. Wait the the AIX splash screen to come up. Devices begin to initialize here. 3. When you see the [keyboard] word on screen hit the F5 button or the 5 key depending on your console. 4. Choose "select boot options" when the maintenance screen comes up, then option 1, then option 1 for scsi, then option 3 service mode boot
Device paths	floppy: disk:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 tape: /dev/rmt/0ucb cdrom: /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s0, /dev/scd0 (external usb cd)	floppy: /dev/fd0 disk: /dev/hda or /dev/sda, /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb tape: cdrom: /dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks)	floppy: /dev/fd0 disk: /dev/hda or /dev/sda, /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb tape: cdrom: /dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks)	floppy: n/a disk: /dev/dsk/c0t6d0 tape: /dev/dsk/rmt/0 cdrom: /dev/dsk/c1t6d0	floppy: /dev/fd0, /dev/rfd0 disk: /dev/hdisk0 tape: cdrom: /dev/cd0
update /dev directory	tapes|ports devfsadm ( solaris 8, 9, 10)	/dev/MAKEDEV <device>	/dev/MAKEDEV <device>	insf -C tape (Class) insf -H 0.1.0 -e (recreate deleted link)	cfgmgr cfgmgr -l scsi0 mkdev
remove or change a device	rem_drv			# remove all devices from a hardward path rmsf -k -H 52.6.0	rmdev rmdev -l cd0 chdev chdev -l rmt0 -a ret=no
list device drivers	prtconf -D sysdef	cat /proc/devices	cat /proc/devices	lsdev	lsdev lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 lsslot -c pci -l ent0 lscfg lscfg -l ent0 lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter) lspath -l hdisk0 getconf DISK_SIZE hdisk1 (detailed)

Réseau

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
Basic network information (hostname, ip address)	/etc/hostname.hme0	/etc/sysconfig/network /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0	/etc/network/interfaces	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf	stores information in the ODM (Object Database Manager)
displaying network interfaces	prtdiag -v ifconfig -a kstat hme:0 kstat e1000g:0	ifconfig system-config-network (GUI)	ifconfig	ioscan -funC lan (list hardware) lanscan -v (list configured) ifconfig lan0 (individual)	ifconfig -a entstat -d <interface> lsdev -Cc if lsdev -Cc tcpip odmget -q "name=en0" CuAt lsattr -EHl en0
Configure network interface	ifconfig	ifconfig	ifconfig	ifconfig <interface>	mktcpip (completely setup a network interface) rmtcpip (remove all network interfaces) # configure an interface mktcpip -h aix1 -a 192.168.1.200 -m 255.255.255.0 -i en1 -g 192.168.0.10 -h - hostname assigned to interface -a - ip address -m - netmask -i - interface name -g - gateway ip address # remove an interface ifconfig en1 detach ifconfig (configures IP address) chdev (add aliases to network interface)
Starting and stopping a network interface	ifconfig qfe0 up ifconfig qfe0 down	/sbin/ifup eth0 /sbin/ifdown eth0	/sbin/ifup eth0 /sbin/ifdown eth0	ifconfig lan0 up ifconfig lan0 down note: there is no "ifconfig -a" in hpux use lanscan then "ifconfig <interface>"	ifconfig en0 up ifconfig en0 down ifconfig en0 detach (remove)
Setting NIC speed	ndd -set <device> <parm> <value> (dynamically) /etc/system (edit and update then reboot - permanent)	mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD eth0 ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full	ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full	ndd -set <device> <parm> <value> lanadmin -X <option> lan0	chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=1000_Full_Duplex -P chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=Auto_Negotiation -P Note: entX - physical device, enX - frame type run on entX
Change NIC parameters	ndd -get <device> <parm> # List parameters ndd -get /dev/hme \? ndd -get /dev/e1000g0 \? ndd -get /dev/ip \? ndd -get /dev/tcp \?	mii-tool -v ethtool eth1 ethtool -t eth0 online sysctl -a | grep net*	ethtool eth0 sysctl -a | grep net*	lanadmin -> lan -> display ## options supported ndd -get /dev/ip ? ndd -get /dev/tcp ? ndd -get /dev/arp ? ndd -get /dev/udp ?	no -a no -o "ipforwarding=1"
Display NIC statistics				netstat -i [-I interface] netstat -s	netstat -i [-f inet] netstat -s entstat -d <interface>
display MAC address	ifconfig -a (as user root)	ifconfig system-config-network (GUI)	ifconfig	lanscan	netstat -ia
Displaying network packets	snoop -d <interface>	tcpdump -i <interface> ethereal (needs to be installed)	tcpdump -i <interface> ethereal (needs to be installed)	nettl -start nettl -status all nettl -tn pduin pduout -e ns_ls_driver -file /var/adm/LAN nettl -stop use netfmt to display the trace file	tcpdump -i <interface> iptrace -i <interface> <output file> ipreport (used with iptrace to view reports) Note: you must stop the iptrace by using "kill -15"
default router	/etc/defaultrouter route add default <gteway>	edit /etc/sysconfig/network add: GATEWAY=<IP address>	edit /etc/network/interfaces add: gateway <IP address>	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf	route add 0 <gateway IP address> Note: there is no file that holds the default router
display routing table	netstat -rn	netstat -rn route -n	netstat -rn route -n	netstat -rn	netstat -rn netstat -r -f inet lsattr -EHl inet0 -a route
Test IPMP, Bonding	if_mpadm -d (detach) if_mpadm -r (reattach) tail /var/adm/messages	ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach) ifenslave bond0 eth1 (reattach) cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0	ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach) ifenslave bond0 eth1 (reattach) cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0	You buy an optional product called Auto-Port Aggragation.	smitty etherchannel (creates, deletes and tests) entstat -d ent0
change the hostname	change the following files: /etc/nodename, /etc/hostname.<interface>, /etc/inet/hosts, /etc/inet/ipnodes, /etc/net - few files in here as well	grep hostname	grep hostname	set_parms hostname (requires reboot)	hostname <new hostname> chdev -l inet0 -a hostname=<hostname>
setup DNS	/etc/resolv.conf	/etc/resolv.conf	/etc/resolv.conf	/etc/resolv.conf	/etc/resolv.conf
Name service switch file (DNS client)	/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/resolv.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/resolv.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf	/etc/netsvc.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/irs.conf (may not be there) chnamsv (change name service) rmnamsv (remove a name service) lsnamsv -C (list name services)
Flush DNS cache	svcadm restart system/name-service-cache:default	## if installed service nscd restart		n/a	netcdctrl -t dns -e hosts -f
Domain Name	/etc/defaultdomain	/etc/sysconfig/network (HOSTNAME option) /etc/resolv.conf Note: for NIS use the NISDOMAIN option	/etc/host /etc/resolv.conf	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf	domainname <domainname>
Obtain IP Address routing	route -n get <hostname> traceroute	ip route get <IP address> traceroute	ip route get <IP address> traceroute	n/a	route -n get <hostname>
Find Services on the network	Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1	Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv	Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv	Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1	Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1

Crash dump

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
Crash Dump	dumpadm -d <device> crash (used to analyse crash dumps) adb (used to analyse crash dumps)	diskdump netdump kdump (part of kexec rpm) /etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go) service kdump start chkconfig kdump on ## to crash the system echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger crash (used to analyse crash dumps)	diskdump netdump kdump (part of kexec rpm) /etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go) service kdump start chkconfig kdump on ## to crash the system echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger crash (used to analyse crash dumps)	edit /stand/system add either: dump 2/0/1.5.0, dump lvol, dump none # crash config file /etc/rc.config.d/savecrash	crash /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0

Supervision des performances et diagnostics

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
CPU	top (sunfreeware) prstat sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat	top sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat procinfo oprofile cat /proc/cpuinfo	top sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat procinfo cat /proc/cpuinfo	top sar w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat glance sam	topas -P topas -L (logical partitions) mpstat sar -c w (load average) uptime (load average) lparstat ps iostat -tT 1 tprof curt
Memory	prstat vmstat top sar	free vmstat top procinfo slabtop sar cat /proc/meminfo	free vmstat top procinfo slabtop sar cat /proc/meminfo	top vmstat sar sam glance	topas vmstat sar -b svmon ps ipcs -a lockstat (version 4) rmss
Network I/O	ndd netstat lsof snoop route	ethtool mii-tool netstat lsof tcpdump ip iptraf	ethtool mii-tool netstat lsof tcpdump ip iptraf	netstat lanadmin sam glance	tok|fddi|atm]stat netstat netpmon (trcstop to stop trace)
Disk I/O	sar -d iostat vmstat lsof	sar -d iostat vmstat lsof	sar -d iostat vmstat lsof	iostat sar sam glance	topas -D (disk) topas -F (filesystem) iostat sar -D fcstat (fibre) lvmstat filemon (trcstop to stop) fileplace # disk stat history chdev -l sys0 -a iostat=true lsattr -HEl sys0 -a iostat
Application	truss -p <pid>	strace -p <pid>	strace -p <pid>	download and install tusc tusc -p <pid>	topas truss sar probevue tprof svmon -P <pid>
NFS	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat

Modules et paramètres noyau

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
display loaded modules	modinfo	cat /proc/modules (more detailed) lsmod Location: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers Config: /etc/modprobe.conf /etc/modprobe.d	cat /proc/modules (more detailed) lsmod Location: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers Config: /etc/modprobe.d/options /etc/modprobe.d	kmadmin -k	genkex
load modules	modload -p drv/<module name>	modprobe <module> insmod	modprobe <module> insmod	kmadmin -L <module name>	n/a
unload modules	modunload -i <module number>	modprobe -r <module> rmmod	modprobe -r <module> rmmod	kmadmin -U <module name> kmadmin -u <module id>	n/a
set kernel parameters (tuning)	/etc/system (edit and reboot)	/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot) sysctl -p <filename> sysctl -w param=value No reboot (dynamically): echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall etc.............................................	/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot) sysctl -p <filename> sysctl -w param=value No reboot (dynamically): echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall etc.............................................	kcweb (11i) kctune (11i only) rebuild kernel (< 11i see below)	chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value> no -a (network) vmo -a (virtual memory) nfso -a (NFS) ioo -a (Input/Ouput) raso -a (reliability, availability, serviceability) schedo -a (processor scheduler) vi /etc/security/limits cd /etc/tunables tunchange, tundefault, tunsave, tunrestore, tuncheck Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX, for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted
display kernel parameters	cat /etc/system sysdef -i	sysctl -a cat /etc/sysctl.conf cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax etc...................................	sysctl -a cat /etc/sysctl.conf cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax etc...................................	kctune (11i only) sysdef kmtune kmsystem /usr/sam/lbin/getkinfo -f /stand/vmunix -o /tmp/kernel.data	lsattr -EHl sys0 Note: only a few kernel parameters can be changed
build kernel	edit and update file then reboot: /etc/system	cd /usr/src/linux-2.5 edit Makefile (change EXTRAVERSION) make mrproper backup .config make xconfig make dep make bzImage make modules move new kernel make modules_install change lilo/grub config file reboot		cd /stand/build /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system edit system file /usr/sbin/mk_kernel -s ./system mv /stand/system /stand/system.old mv /stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix.old mv /stand/build/system /stand mv /stand/build/vmunix_test /stand/vmunix reboot	chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value> Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX, for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted
interprocess communication	ipcs -a	ipcs -a	ipcs -a	ipcs -a	ipcs -a

Services

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
display services	svcs -a inetadm -l	service --status-all	There is no services or chkconfig command use the old fashioned way /etc/init.d/<service>	There is no services or chkconfig command use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service>	lssrc -a
start services	svcadm enable nfs	service nfs start			startsrc -s <subsystem> startsrc -g <group>
stop services	svcadm disable nfs	service nfs stop			stopsrc -s <subsystem> stopsrc -g <group>
reload service	svcadm refresh nfs	service nfs reload			refresh -s <subsystem>
restart service	svcadm restart nfs	service nfs restart			stopsrc -s <subsystem> startsrc -s <subsystem>
service status	svcs nfs	service nfs staus			lssrc -a
service dependencies	svcs -d network	n/a			n/a
service dependants	svcs -D network	n/a			n/a
service logging, etc	/var/svc/log /var/svc/manifest /lib/svc/method	n/a			/var/adm/ras /etc/syslog.conf /etc/rc.tcpip
change service startup	n/a	chkconfig --levels 2345 nfs on			n/a
Add a new service	n/a	# Create your stop/start script in /etc/init.d chkconfig --add <script>

Patchs / paquets

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
display installed patches	showrev -p patchadd -p			swlist -l bundle swlist -l product swlist -l patch	instfix -ia
adding patch	patchadd patchadd -M <dir> (multiple patches)	patch -p1 Note: -p = # of path stripping		swcopy (install patch into depot) swinstall (install patch from depot) Note: the swagentd daemon must be running	instfix -k
removing patch	patchrm	patch -R -p1 <patch>		swremove	installp -r
display installed packages	pkginfo (all packages) pkginfo -l (single package) pkgchk -l -p <file> (file belongs)	rpm -qa (all packages) rpm -q (single package) rpm -qf (file belongs) rpm -qi <package> (very detailed)	dpkg -l (all packages) dpkg -S <search string> (search) dpkg -S <filename> (file belongs) dpkg -s <package> (status) dpkg -p <package> (detailed)	swlist -l bundle <bundle> swlist -l product <product> ## check a package swlist -s <full_path/software>	lslpp -L all (all filesets) lslpp -L <package> (single fileset) lslpp -w <file> (file belongs) lslpp -ha (history of filesets) rpm -qa (all packages) rpm -q (single package) rpm -qf (file belongs) rpm -qi <package> (very detailed) oslevel -g (install packkages above os level) whereis <filename> which_fileset <filename>
adding package	pkgadd	rpm -Uhv (updates/installs if not already) rpm -ihv (install)	dpkg -i <package>	swinstall swinstall -s <full_path/software>	installp -a installp -c (cleanup after failed install) rpm -i geninstall (generic installer: installp, RPM, etc)
removing packages	pkgrm	rpm -e <package>	dpkg -r <package> (do not remove config files) dpkg -P <package> (remove config files)	swremove	installp -u (commited packages) installp -r (applied packages) rpm -e <package> geninstall -u <package>
verify package	pkginfo -l pkginfo -p	rpm -V <package>	n/a	swverity <fileset> (see /var/adm/sw/swagent.log)	lppchk -v rpm -V <package>
List files in package	pathname	rpm -ql <package>	dpkg -L <package> (list files)	swlist -l file <product>	lslpp -f <fileset> rpm -ql <package>
Package directory	/var/sadm	/var/lib/rpm	/var/lib/dpkg/info	/var/adm/sw	/usr/lpp /var/lib/rpm
List libraries required for binary program	ldd <file>	ldd <file>	ldd <file>	chatr <file>	ldd <file>

Comptes utilisateurs

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
display users	cat /etc/passwd logins -x	cat /etc/passwd system-config-users (GUI)	cat /etc/passwd	cat /etc/passwd logins -x	cat /etc/passwd lsuser -f ALL (detailed)
create a user	useradd	useradd system-config-users (GUI)	useradd	useradd sam	mkuser useradd
remove a user	userdel	userdel system-config-users (GUI)	userdel	userdel sam	rmuser userdel
modify a user	usermod	usermod system-config-users (GUI)	usermod	usermod sam	chuser -a usermod passwd -f passwd -s chfn <username> chfn <username> <shell>
change user password	passwd	passwd	passwd	passwd	passwd pwdadm pwdck -t ALL
create a group	groupadd	groupadd	groupadd	groupadd	mkgroup <group name>
remove a group	groupdel	groupdel	groupdel	groupdel	rmgroup <group name>
modify a goup	groupmod	groupmod	groupmod	groupmod	chgroup <attribute> <group name>
password files	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /tcb/files/auth/r/root (trusted system)	/etc/security/passwd
useful user commands	id -a whoami who w finger	id -a whoami who w finger	id -a whoami who w finger	id whoami who w uptime (displays # of users logged in) finger	id whoami who w uptime (displays # of users logged in) finger # License information lslicense chlicense # Maximum number of processes for a user lsattr -D -l sys0 -a maxuproc chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=<number>
useful group commands	groups setpgrp newgrp	groups	groups	groups setprivgrp	groups setgroups lsgroup ALL

NFS

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
NFS Daemons	server: mountd, nfsd client: statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd,nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd,nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd, nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd, nfsd client: rpc.statd, rpc.lockd
NFS files	/etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/rmtab	/etc/exports /var/lib/nfs/etab /var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/exports /var/lib/nfs/etab /var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/exports /etc/xtab	/etc/exports /etc/xtab
List nfs clients that have a remote mount	/etc/rmtab	/var/lib/nfs/rmtab	/var/lib/nfs/rmtab	/etc/rmtab	/etc/xtab
display nfs shares	dfshares showmount -e localhost	showmount -e localhost	showmount -e localhost	showmount -e localhost	exportfs showmount -e localhost
create nfs share	/etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and add share) share <path> ## dfstab example share -F nfs -d "jumpstart" /export/jumpstart	redhat-config-nfs (GUI) /etc/exports (edit and add share) /sbin/service nfs reload ## /etc/exports example /export * (rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)	/etc/exports (edit and add share, see below example) exportfs -rav (export the shares) /etc/init.d/portmap restart /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart ## /etc/exports example /export * (rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)	/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit) /etc/exports (edit and add share) exportfs -a	mknfsexp -d <directory> mknfsmnt shareall
uncreate nfs share	unshare <path> /etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and remove share)	/etc/exports (edit and remove share) /sbin/service nfs reload	/etc/exports (edit and remove share) exportfs -rav (export the shares)	/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit) exportfs -au (unshare all) exportfs -u /home/vallep /etc/exports (edit and remove share)	rmnfsexp -d <directory> (unshares and removes from file) exportfs -u <filesystem> unshareall
start/change nfs daemons	/etc/init.d/nfs.server start /etc/init.d/nfs.client start svcadm enable nfs/server svcadm disable nfs/server	/sbin/service nfs start	/etc/init.d/portmap start /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start	/sbin/init.d/nfs.core start /sbin/init.d/nfs.server start /sbin/init.d/nfs.client start	mknfs chnfs startsrc -s nfsd startsrc -s rpc.mountd
stop nfs daemons	/etc/init.d/nfs.server stop /etc/init.d/nfs.client stop	/sbin/service nfs stop	/etc/init.d/portmap stop /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server stop	/sbin/init.d/nfs.client stop /sbin/init.d/nfs.server stop /sbin/init.d/nfs.core stop	rmnfs stopsrc -s nfsd stopsrc -s rpc.mountd
nfs status	grep <nfs daemons>	/sbin/service nfs status	/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server status	grep <nfs daemons>	lssrc -a | grep -i nfs
nfs reload	shareall	/sbin/service nfs reload	exportfs -rav (export the shares)	exportfs -a	exportfs -av
nfs performanace	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat
nfs Options	n/a	cat /var/lib/nfs/etab	cat /var/lib/nfs/etab	n/a	nfso -a nfso -o <option>=<value> exportfs (display options)
solaris/redhat mount problems (nfs v3 to v4)	## Make sure you use NFS version 3 mount -F nfs -o vers=3 <mount> <mountpoint>	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

NTP

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
Time daemons	xntpd	ntpd	ntpd	xntpd	xntpd
ntp setup	stop] # Solaris 10: /etc/inet/ntp.server, /etc/inet/ntp.client svcadm enable ntpd	/etc/ntp.conf (edit with ntp servers) dateconfig (GUI) chkconfig --list ntpd chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on /sbin/service ntpd start	stop|restart]	/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons (set XNTPD to 1) /etc/ntp.conf	/etc/ntp.conf startsrc -s xntpd stopsrc -s xntpd lslpp -L all | grep xntpd
ntp daemon options	/lib/svc/method/xntp	/etc/sysconfig/ntpd	/etc/default/ntp	/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons	startsrc -s xntpd -a "-x" /etc/rc.tcpip
NTP Trace commands	ntpq -p ntptrace	ntpq -p ntptrace	ntpq -p ntptrace	ntpq -p ntpdate (set the date)	ntpq -p ntptrace ntpdate

Fichiers de logs

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
messages	/var/adm/messages	/var/log/messages	/var/log/messages	/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log	/var/adm/ras
syslog	/var/log/syslog	/var/log/syslog	/var/log/syslog	/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log	/var/adm/ras
mail		/var/log/mail	/var/log/mail.*	/var/adm/syslog/mail.log	/usr/spool/mqueue/syslog
cron	/var/cron/log	/var/log/cron	/var/log/cron.log	/var/adm/cron/log	/var/adm/cron/log
boot	/var/adm/messages dmesg	/var/log/boot dmesg	/var/log/boot dmesg	/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log dmesg	/var/adm/ras alog -o -t boot alog -o -t console alog -L (list all the logs available)
Error logging	logger	logger	logger	logger	/usr/lib/errdemon -l (display attributes) /usr/lib/errdemon (start error logging) /usr/lib/errstop (stop error logging) # use with above errorlog file errpt (summary errorlog report) errpt -a (detailed errorlog report) errpt -j <identifier> (single errorlog report) errclear (clears errorlog) errclear -d <class> <days> (clears class errors) errlogger "message upto 230 chars"

Sécurité

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
Checking the passwd file	pwck	pwck	pwck	pwck	pwdck -t ALL usrck -t ALL
checking the group file	grpck	grpck	grpck	grpck	grpck
console login (allow/deny)	# No reboot required /etc/default/login	# No reboot required /etc/securetty	# No reboot required /etc/securetty	# No reboot required /etc/securetty Note: you may need to create this file if it does not exist	# No reboot required /etc/security/user chsec -f /etc/security/user -s root

Divers

Élément	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
startup	eeprom setenv boot-device	grub (GUI) lilo (text based)	grub (GUI)	off]	bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1
shutdown	shutdown -i5 -g0 -y (power down) shutdown -i6 -g0 -y (reboot) shutdown -i0 -g0 -y (OK prompt) reboot -- -r (reboot/reconfigure) touch /reconfigure	shutdown -h (halt) shutdown -r (reboot) shutdown -f (fast reboot no fsck) shutdown -F (force fsck)	shutdown -h (halt) shutdown -r (reboot) shutdown -P (power off) touch /forcefsck # edit /etc/default/rcS change below so you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes	shutdown -h now (halt) shutdown -r now (reboot)	shutdown -F (fast shutdown) shutdown -Fr (fast shutdown and reboot)
Change run level	halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit uadmin	halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit	halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit	init reboot shutdown	init shutdown reboot telinit halt
init status (niveaux d'exécution)	0 - shutdown 1 - single user 2 - n/a 3 - Multi-user 4 - n/a 5 - power off 6 - reboot # change default: vi /etc/inittab	0 - halt 1 - single user 2 - multiuser (no networking) 3 - multiuser (networking) 4 - unused 5 - GUI 6 - reboot # change default: vi /etc/inittab	0 - halt 1 - single user 2 - multiuser (default) 3 - same as 2 4 - same as 2 5 - same as 2 6 - reboot # change default - change all the telinit vi /etc/event.d/rc-default	0 - halt 1 - single users 2 - multiuser (networking) 3 - multiuser (networking, NFS, and CDE GUI) (default) 4 - multiuser (netwrking, NFS, and VUE GUI) 5 - n/a 6 - n/a # change default - change the initdefault line vi /etc/inittab	0 - reserved 1 - reserved 2 - multiuser mode with NFS 3 - user defined 4 - user defined 5 - user defined 6 - user defined 7-9 - user defined # change default - change the initdefault line vi /etc/inittab
Startup options	-s single user -a interactive -x no device drivers (used in clustering) -r reconfigure devices -m milestone	single - use grub to edit kernel line emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no network emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage	single - use grub to edit kernel line emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no network emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage	interact with IPL? Y # single user: ISL> hpux -is # Logical volume maintanence mode: ISL> hpux -lm # No quroum check: ISL> hpux -lq	Based on 9114-275 workstation 1. switch off the machine 2. power on and enter the SMS menu Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker
startup scripts	/etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d	/etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d	/etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d	/sbin/init.d /etc/rc.config.d (startup config files) /sbin/rc0.d - /sbin/rc6.d	/etc/rc.d /etc/rc.d/init.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d - rc9.d /etc/rc.* (config files for auto-starting) also uses the System Resource Controller
boot prompt commands	boot printenv setenv banner devalias show-devs show-pci-devs-all probe-scsi-all probe-fcal-all probe-pci watch-net-all reset-all	F10 or F12	F10 or F12	interact with IPL? Y	Based on a 9114-275 workstation 1. switch off the machine 2. power on and enter the SMS menu Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker
Boot process	Phases: Boot PROM: displays system information, run POST, load bootblk, locate ufsboot; Boot Programs: bootblk loads and executes the ufsboot; Kernel Initialization: ufsboot loads and executes the core kernel, initializes core kernel data structures, loads other kernel modules based on the /etc/system file, starts /sbin/init program; init: starts other processes based on the /etc/inittab file	Boot sequence: 1. BIOS 2. POST 3. Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to the bootloader GRUB or LILO 4. GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage 1_5 5. GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5 files 6. GRUB (stage 2) - reads /etc/grub.conf and displays the grub menu, it specifies the kernel and the initrd files 7. KERNEL - control given to the kernel 8. INIT - reads /etc/inittab and runs /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script	Boot sequence: 1. BIOS 2. POST 3. Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to the bootloader GRUB or LILO 4. GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage 1_5 5. GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5 files 6. GRUB (stage 2) - reads /boot/grub/menu.lst and displays the grub menu, it specifies the kernel and the initrd files 7. KERNEL - control given to the kernel 8. INIT - runs the /etc/event.d/rc-default script	Phases: 1. PDC - processor-dependent code; executes and performs self-tests 2. ISL - initial system loader; loads the secondary system loader hpux 3. HPUX - is the secondary system loader and loads the kernel /stand/vmunix, then hands over to the kernel 4. KERNEL - swapper processes are started by the kernel then starts the init process 5. INIT - reads /etc/inittab	Phases: Read Only Storage (ROS): check the system board, perform POST, locate and load boot image, begin system initialization and execute phase 1 of the /etc/rc.boot script; Base Device Configuration: start configuration manager to configue base devices; System Boot: start init process phase 2, switch to hard-disk root filesystem, start other processes defined by /etc/inittab and execute phase 3 of the /etc/rc.boot script
determine the run level	who -r	runlevel who -r	runlevel who -r	who -r	who -r
obtain default run level	cat /etc/inittab	cat /etc/inittab	/etc/event.d/rc-default	/etc/inittab	/etc/inittab
list locale	locale -a	locale -a	locale -a	locale -a	locale -a
start xwindows	n/a	startx (shorthand of below) initx (lots of parms)		n/a	n/a
initialize system	sys-unconfig			hostname|ip_address|timezone] Note: set_parms is in /sbin	install_assist
Timezone	/etc/TIMEZONE /etc/default/init	/etc/sysconfig/clock /usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab	/etc/timezone /usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab	/etc/TIMEZONE	/etc/environment /etc/profile